نظام المدارس في الشام في الحقبة ما بين القرنين الخامس والتاسع للهجرة

Abstract

This research deals with the school systems in Ash-sham between the fifth and
the ninth A.H centuries, their creation, spreading, administration, teachers,
students, curricula, holidays, certificates and finance. The people of Niesabour
were the first to create school systems in Islam. Then the Selguqies and the
Zangids rulers outspread them in Ash-sham cities. More schools were built during
the Ayyubids and the Mamlukids eras. Their buildings consisted of classrooms, a
library, residence for the employees and the students and a mosque.
Schools were established to enhance the success of the educational process.
Their curricula included: religion, sciences, Arabic, arithmetic and logic. Some
schools taught also medicine, engineering and astronomy. The period of study lasted for five years. After that, the students were certified to teach the subjects
they passed successfully. Financially, the schools depended on endowments. The
staff included the director, the teachers and their assistants, imam, mu’azen and a
janitor. These were chosen according to their good qualities and qualifications. The
number of students depended on the school size and financial capacity. The
graduates of these schools contributed to the development of the nation’s
institutions and helped in the emergence of scientists and writers who enriched the
Arabic heritage with their writings.