من مظاهر عبر النوعيّة وتـجلّياتـها فـي الأدب العربـيّ القديـم: أدب الـمفاخرات البلدانيّة: البصرة والكوفة نـموذجًا

Abstract

This research aims to present an aspect of trans- generic writing in ancient Arab literature through some literary feats (Adab Al-Mufakhrat) between the people of Basra and the people of Kufa at the beginning of the Abbasid caliphate.

 Trans- generic writing is a significant part of ancient Arabic literature that is alien to it and is not inferred from it. Nonetheless, it was well-known and circulated extensively, since it was cultivated as both the means and object due to the literary pluralism it presents in a homogeneous style. The current research focuses on the literature of feats (Adab Al-Mufakhrat) between countries and regions, which could only be manifested through strength trans- generic writing, and is a mixture of literary forms inspired by various arts and sciences. In the literature of feats (Adab Al-Mufakhrat), the religious morals and the social patterns that the people of one country are characterized with, such as values, behaviors, the role of groups, relationships, and genealogy, are mentioned in historical stages. The people characterized are proud of their heroic roles in their societies and their participation in fateful events. In addition, the research reviews cultural factors that have had a great impact on the country's development and progress over others, such as the abundance of knowledge and scholars. Another notable theme is the reference to the location and nature of the country and its distinctive topography, such as the size of the plains and the flow of rivers. Lastly, this type of literature mentions the economic factors that the country is blessed with from the large incomes and the abundance of crops. These literary forms, of all kinds and diversity, are fused in the form of high-level literary bragging (Adab Al-Mufakhrat) in systems and performance of trans- generic writing at the time of performance and narration.