توضيح بعض الباحثين المستشرقين لبعض أسس النظريّة النحْويّة العربيّة في القرون الوسطى القياس، التقدير، الإعراب والبِناء، عامل المبتدأ والخَبر وعمل (إنَّ)

Abstract

This study presents the clarification of some Orientalists to a number of basic rules and principles of medieval Arabic grammar theory, such as extrapolation, evaluation, syntax, structure, subject, predicate and the work of “inna”, realizing that such basic rules play an essential role in explaining the various grammatical  structures and phenomena. Extrapolation applies to a word or group of words which gain the same syntactic function of its equivalent in extrapolation. Evaluation takes place in the mind of the speaker, fulfilling the structure of meaning, which includes the elements, and structure of the sound grammar. Syntax is represented in the different case mark endings of the words, due to a variety of factors which seem to interplay, such as the accusative, nominative and genitive cases. However, there are other cases called Binaa’ in which words maintain their case mark endings regardless of the factor which may affect them. It is the opposite of ‘iraab, which entails the change of the case mark endings, based on the factors affecting the words in the sentence